Understanding the Difference Between an ENT and Audiologist

Hearing health care can be a steep learning curve for many patients. It’s not something which is commonly discussed until help is required. One common question is the difference between an audiologist and an ear, nose and throat (ENT) physician. In actuality, both of these providers work together closely to holistically treat the patient. But the two are distinct professions with important distinctions.

Scope of Practice

Before delving into the differences, it is important to define the idea of “scope of practice.” Scope of practice refers to the services a licensed individual is legally allowed to provide. If a treatment is outside the scope of practice, the practitioner cannot perform it, regardless of their knowledge. For example, an audiologist may be trained to identify an ear infection, but prescribing antibiotics falls outside their scope of practice. Scope of practice plays a major role in distinguishing audiologists and ENTs.

What Services are Provided by the Ear, Nose and Throat Physician?

An ENT is a physician who has specialized in that area of the body. They have gone to medical school and have a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or a similar degree. ENTs are able to prescribe medicines and perform surgeries and other medical procedures. In the case of ear infections, for example, the ENT could take a culture of the bacteria and prescribe an appropriate antibiotic. If the infections are chronic, they could insert pressure equalization (PE) tubes to provide a long-term solution. Surgical implementation of cochlear implants (CI) or bone-anchored hearing aids (baha) would also be performed by an ENT. All of these services fall under their scope of practice, while falling outside that of audiologists.

While it may seem obvious, it is also valuable to remember that ENTs treat conditions beyond the ears. If somebody has sinus issues, an ENT could treat them. Thyroid disease and infected tonsils can also be treated by an ENT. So, their breadth of services is far wider than an audiologist’s. They are also permitted to make referrals to other healthcare providers. Since they cannot perform hearing evaluations, they will refer to an audiologist (provided they don’t have one working at their practice).

What Does the Audiologist Do?

An audiologist is a medical professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness. While they do have a doctorate, they do not attend traditional medical school with other physicians. Rather, they attend a four-year graduate program and receive a clinical doctorate. In other words, they have a doctorate specifically in audiology, rather than being a general physician who chose a specialty. They are also required to take continuing education courses to keep their knowledge current.

If your main concern is gradual hearing loss, it is best to see an audiologist first. They will be the ones to perform a hearing evaluation and diagnose the type and degree of hearing loss. An ENT will always want a hearing evaluation, so if you plan on seeing one, scheduling with the audiologist first will help to facilitate the process. Once hearing loss is diagnosed, the audiologist can counsel on management options. If hearing aids are determined to be the best solution, the audiologist will order them and then program them and provide education. They will also be the ones to maintain and repair the devices. While a surgeon would implant a CI or baha, the audiologist will be the one to perform all the programming.

If the hearing loss is determined to be caused by a medical condition, such as a hole in the eardrum, the audiologist will recommend that the patient see an ENT for intervention. However, the audiologist cannot provide an actual referral, as it is currently outside the scope of practice. A sudden hearing loss would also be a reason to collaborate with an ENT. (Please note, if you do have a sudden hearing loss, see an ENT first and immediately, as the rate of successful treatment is much higher with earlier intervention.) In essence, an ENT treats medical conditions, while an audiologist manages the symptoms and helps to improve quality of life.

An audiologist can also help to manage tinnitus, provide custom hearing protection, and diagnose and treat vertigo. They can also clean out ear canals.

Ultimately, the goal of both audiologists and ENTs is to help improve the lives of their patients. Hopefully this article has provided some insight and guidance on the role of both individuals. However, if any uncertainty remains, call your local audiologist and they can help to guide you to the correct location. QCBN

By Jeff Lane, Au.D.

Trinity Hearing Center is located at 1330 N. Rim Dr., Suite B in Flagstaff. For more information, visit the website at TrinityHearing.net. Jeff Lane is a doctor of audiology with a passion for improving the lives of others. Dr. Lane may be reached at 928-522-0500 or at audio@trinityhearing.net.